This article reveals that pre-independence Malaysian history is replete with contradictions and paradoxes which may transform perceptions of who were and were not independence heroes. ![]() Thus, to laypeople, political history in Malaysia has been what ruling politicians tell them and what they find in school textbooks, which have been approved by the powers that be. Although the sources are readily available in Malaysian libraries, the truths contained in them have eluded the general public. By utilising mainly authoritative secondary sources, the reconstructed history belies the argument of the ruling elites that they inherit the mantle of ‘real independence fighters’ from their political ancestors. This article re-assesses the period and actors involved in bringing to fruition Malaysian independence. The debate which arose between the ruling United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and the opposition Democratic Action Party (DAP) in early September 2005, concerning the history of Malaysia’s independence movement, necessitates a re-appraisal of the organisations and personalities involved.
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